Votes, Vetoes, and the Political Economy of International Trade Agreements by Edward D. Mansfield & Helen V. Milner

Author:Edward D. Mansfield & Helen V. Milner [Mansfield, Edward D. & Milner, Helen V.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International Relations, Trade & Tariffs, Treaties, International, American Government, Political Science, Business & Economics, General
ISBN: 9780691135304
Google: FnZh_iCZDs0C
Goodreads: 14891795
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2012-05-27T00:00:00+00:00

RESULTS OF THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

In table 4.2, we report a series of results for different models. The first column (Base Model) shows our baseline results. In the second column (Dyadic Fixed Effects), we include dyad-specific fixed effects to account for any unobserved heterogeneity across the many country-pairs included in our data. The results in the third column (Dyad & Year Fixed Effects) are generated after including both dyad-specific and year-specific fixed effects. Adding year-specific effects helps to address the systemic factors that affect all dyads at a given point in time and that are not included in the model. In the fourth column (All Variables Lagged t−1), we measure Regime Typei and Veto Playersi in year t−1, rather than year t. Our argument is that these factors should exert a contemporaneous rather than a lagged effect on PTA ratification. Furthermore, there is little chance that the observed effects of these variables are compromised by any simultaneity bias. After all, it seems highly unlikely that the decision to form a PTA, much less its ratification, would influence either a state’s regime type or the number of domestic veto players. Nonetheless, measuring these variables in t−1, along with the other control variables in our model, should enhance the confidence in our results. In the final column of table 4.2 (COW Alliance/MID), we replace the ATOP alliance data and the PRIO disputes data with the COW Project’s alliance and MIDs data. As we described earlier, the COW data covers less of the twenty-first century than the ATOP and the PRIO data; but analyzing the COW data provides a useful way of assessing the stability of our findings.

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